5 Stars

Rated 4.9 on Google

Module 1 of 7 · about 5 minutes

Recognising Bed Bugs

What bed bugs look like at each stage, the signs they leave behind, and where to look first.

Illustration of a mattress seam with small dark spots, a shed skin and eggs, with a bed bug under a magnifying glass

Reviewed by the ThermoPest technical team · Last reviewed October 2026

Adult bed bugs are flat, oval, reddish-brown insects about 5mm long, roughly the size of an apple seed. More often than the insects themselves, you'll see the signs they leave: small dark spots on mattress seams and bed frames, tiny blood smears on sheets, and pale shed skins. They usually hide close to where people sleep or rest.

What do bed bugs look like at each stage?

  • Adults: about 5mm, flat and oval when unfed, rounder and redder after feeding. No wings.
  • Nymphs (young bed bugs): from about 1mm, pale or straw-coloured, turning red when they’ve fed. Hard to see without a torch.
  • Eggs: about 1mm, pearly white, often in clusters in seams and cracks.

Life stages, roughly to scale

Eggsabout 1mm
pearly white, in clusters
Young nymphfrom about 1mm
pale, straw-coloured
Fed nymphturns red
after feeding
Adultabout 5mm
like an apple seed

Hard to see without a torch. Signs are usually easier to spot than the insects themselves.

What signs do bed bugs leave?

  • Dark brown or black spots (droppings) along mattress seams, bed frame joints and headboards. They can smear like ink if wiped with a damp cloth.
  • Small rusty or red spots on sheets and pillowcases.
  • Pale, empty shed skins.
  • In heavier infestations, a sweet or musty smell.

Where do bed bugs hide?

Mattress seams and piping, bed frame joints, headboards, bedside furniture, skirting boards near the bed, sofa seams and cushions, and behind loose wallpaper or pictures. Wherever someone sleeps on a sofa or chair, check there first.

Where to look first

12345
1

Mattress seams and piping

2

Bed frame joints

3

Headboard and the wall behind

4

Bedside furniture

5

Skirting boards near the bed

Someone sleeping on a sofa or chair? Check there first.

Is it bed bugs or something else?

Carpet beetle larvae, fleas and spider beetles are often mistaken for bed bugs. If you’re unsure, photograph it (with something for scale) and report it. A pest professional can confirm. Don’t try to identify by bites alone; Module 2 explains why.

Related: Can you see bed bugs with the naked eye? · How to check for bed bugs

Continue the Full Module

This is a summary. The full module, quiz and certificate are free for frontline staff in housing, care and hospitality. Register to unlock the full lesson, worked examples, downloads and your certificate.

Training a team?

Register free to unlock the full lessons, the quiz and certificates, and get a team link for your staff.

Bed bugs in your properties now?

Talk to Gavin, our commercial account manager, about how we can help.

Book a call with Gavin
0808 189 2310

This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.
Have you tried to get rid of the problem?

Enter Your Details To Request A Call Back

This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.